http://de.evo-art.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=The_alphabet_synthesis_machine 2026-04-12T20:47:45Z Versionsgeschichte dieser Seite in de_evolutionary_art_org MediaWiki 1.27.4 http://de.evo-art.org/index.php?title=The_alphabet_synthesis_machine&diff=32317&oldid=prev 2015-11-17T18:42:01Z

<p>Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „ == Reference == Levin, G., Feinberg, J., Curtis, C.: <a href="/index.php?title=The_alphabet_synthesis_machine" title="The alphabet synthesis machine">The alphabet synthesis machine</a> (2006). == DOI == == Abstract == The Alphabet Synthesis Machine i…“</p> <p><b>Neue Seite</b></p><div> <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> Levin, G., Feinberg, J., Curtis, C.: [[The alphabet synthesis machine]] (2006).<br /> <br /> == DOI ==<br /> <br /> == Abstract ==<br /> The <br /> Alphabet Synthesis Machine is an interactive online artwork which allows <br /> one to create and evolve the possible writing systems of one’s own imaginary <br /> civilizations. The abstract alphabets produced by the Machine can be downloaded <br /> as PC-format TrueType fonts, and are entered into a comprehensive archive of <br /> user creations. The products of the Machine probe the liminal territories between <br /> familiarity and chaos, language and gesture. <br /> <br /> == Extended Abstract ==<br /> TECHNICAL REALIZATION<br /> The Alphabet Synthesis Machine is comprised of two software systems: an inter-<br /> active client-side applet, which allows users to create and evolve their abstract <br /> letterforms, and a server-side archiving system which stores the user creations as <br /> downloadable TrueType fonts.<br /> At the heart of the interactive applet is a genetic algorithm. This algorithm attempts <br /> to evolve a population of candidate glyphs according to a set of fitness metrics <br /> established by the user. Some of these fitness metrics are obtained from an initial <br /> ‘seed glyph’ provided by the user, while others are controlled by the user in <br /> real-time, through a set of parametric sliders and other interface controls. The <br /> glyphs are evolved both as individuals (i.e. each in relation to an ideal metric, in <br /> order to enhance their individual ‘letterness’), and also as a species (i.e. each in <br /> contradistinction to each other, in order to enhance the variety of the alphabet <br /> as a whole).<br /> The glyphs themselves are the virtual trajectories of synthetic hand movements, <br /> produced by a 3-dimensional physics simulation of a hand-pen-paper system. This <br /> model incorporates such forces as the response of hand muscles to neural firing <br /> rates; the inertia and intrisic viscosity of the arm; gravity; and the friction of the <br /> stylus against the virtual writing surface. <br /> When the user is finished evolving their abstract alphabet, its glyphs are converted <br /> into quadratic Bezier outlines and then transmitted to the server, which stores <br /> them as a PC-formatted TrueType font. This font can be downloaded at the time of <br /> its creation, or at any future time from an online archives of user creations. Visitors <br /> have created more than 5000 alphabets since the project’s launch (1 October 2001).<br /> While this version of the machine (1.0) deals strictly with single-stroked cursive <br /> alphabetic forms, future versions of the ASM will explore the possibilities of cut- <br /> and printed-letterform simulation.<br /> <br /> == Bibtex == <br /> <br /> == Used References ==<br /> Anderson, Donald. Calligraphy: The Art of Written Forms. Dover, 1969.<br /> <br /> Catich, Edward. The Origin of the Serif. Catich Gallery, Iowa, 1991.<br /> <br /> Chappell, Warren. A Short History of the Printed Word. Dorset Press, New York, <br /> 1970.<br /> <br /> Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Press, Oxford, 1991. <br /> Diringer, David. The Alphabet. Hutchinson Press, 1968.<br /> <br /> Drucker, Johanna. The Alphabetic Labyrinth: The Letters in History and Imagina-<br /> tion. Thames and Hudson, London, 1995.<br /> <br /> Firmage, Richard. The Alphabet Abecedarium: Some Notes on Letters. Godine <br /> Press, 1993.<br /> <br /> Gaur, Albertine. A History of Writing. The British Library Press, London, 1992.<br /> Gurtler, Andre. Experiments with Letterform and Calligraphy. Verlag Niggli, Lichten-<br /> stein, 1997.<br /> <br /> Harris, David. The Art of Calligraphy. DK Publishing, New York, 1995. <br /> <br /> Hersch, Roger. Visual and Technical Aspects of Type. Cambridge University Press, <br /> 1993. <br /> <br /> Hofstadter, Douglas. Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of <br /> the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought. Basic Books, 1995.<br /> <br /> Hofstadter, Douglas. Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and <br /> Pattern. Basic Books, 1985. <br /> <br /> Kim, Scott. Inversions. McGraw-Hill, 1981.<br /> <br /> Nakanishi, Akira. Writing Systems of the World. Tuttle, Tokyo, 1992.<br /> <br /> Rasula, Jed and Steve McCaffrey. Imagining Language: An Anthology. MIT Press, <br /> 1998.<br /> <br /> Sampson, Geoffrey. Writing Systems. Stanford University Press, 1985. <br /> <br /> Benford, F. 1938. The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American <br /> Philosophical Society 78:551.<br /> <br /> Boyle, J. 1994. An application of the Fourier series to the most significant digit <br /> problem. American Mathematical Monthly 101(November):879. <br /> <br /> Hill, T.P. 1998. The first digit phenomenon. American Scientist 86(July-August):358.<br /> <br /> Newcomb, S. 1881. Note on the frequency of the use of digits in natural numbers. <br /> American Journal of Mathematics 4:39. <br /> <br /> Raimi, R.A. 1976. The first digit phenomenon. American Mathematical Monthly <br /> 83:521<br /> <br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> === Full Text === <br /> http://www.flong.com/storage/pdf/reports/alphabet_report.pdf<br /> <br /> [[intern file]]<br /> <br /> === Sonstige Links ===<br /> http://www.alphabetsynthesis.com, October 2014 =&gt; 404</div>

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