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== Reference ==
[[William Latham | Latham, William]]; [[Miki Shaw | Shaw, Miki]]; [[Stephen Todd | Todd, Stephen]]; [[Frederic Fol Leymarie | Leymarie, Frederic Fol]]; [[Benjamin Jefferys | Jefferys, Benjamin]]; [[Lawrence Kelley | Kelley, Lawrence]]: Using DNA to generate 3D organic art forms. In: [[Literatur_zur_Evolution%C3%A4ren_Kunst#EvoMUSART_2008_2 | EvoMUSART 2008]], S. 433-442.

== DOI ==
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-540-78761-7_46

== Abstract ==
A novel biological software approach to define and evolve 3D computer art forms is described based on a re-implementation of the FormGrow system produced by Latham and Todd at IBM in the early 1990’s. This original work is extended by using DNA sequences as the input to generate complex organic-like forms. The translation of the DNA data to 3D graphic form is performed by two contrasting processes, one intuitive and one informed by the biochemistry. The former involves the development of novel, but simple, look-up tables to generate a code list of functions such as the twisting, bending, stacking, and scaling and their associated parametric values such as angle and scale. The latter involves an analysis of the biochemical properties of the proteins encoded by genes in DNA, which are used to control the parameters of a fixed FormGrow structure. The resulting 3D data sets are then rendered using conventional techniques to create visually appealing art forms. The system maps DNA data into an alternative multi-dimensional space with strong graphic visual features such as intricate branching structures and complex folding. The potential use in scientific visualisation is illustrated by two examples. Forms representing the sickle cell anaemia mutation demonstrate how a point mutation can have a dramatic effect. An animation illustrating the divergent evolution of two proteins with a common ancestor provides a compelling view of an evolutionary process lost in millions of years of natural history.

== Extended Abstract ==

== Bibtex ==

== Used References ==
Todd, S., Latham, W.: Evolutionary Art and Computers. Academic Press, London (1992)

Latham, W.: Form Synth. In: Computers in Art, Design and Animation, Springer, Heidelberg (1989)

Latham, W., Todd, S.: Computer sculpture. IBM Systems Journal 28(4), 682–688 (1989)

Burridge, J.M., et al.: The WINSOM solid modeller. IBM Systems Journal 28(4) (1989)

Todd, S., Latham, W.: Artificial life or surreal art? In: Varela, F.J., Bourgine, P. (eds.) Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems (A Bradford Book), pp. 504–513. MIT Press, Cambridge (1992)

Bentley, P.J. (ed.): Evolutionary Design by Computers. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)

Sims, K.: Artificial evolution for computer graphics. Computer Graphics 25(4) (1991)

Sims, K.: Evolving 3D morphology and behavior. In: Proc. of Artificial Life IV (1994)

Prusinkiewicz, P., Lindenmayer, A.: The Algorithmics Beauty of Plants. Springer, Heidelberg (1990)

Leyton, M.: A process grammar for shape. A.I. Journal 34(2), 213–247 (1988)

Leyton, M.: A Generative Theory of Shape. LNCS, vol. 2145. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

Whitelaw, M.: Metacreation — Art and Artificial Life. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)

Leymarie, F.F.: Aesthetic computing and shape. In: Fishwick, P. (ed.) Aesthetic Computing. Leonardo Books, pp. 259–288. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)

Lord, E.A., Wilson, C.B.: Math. Description of Shape and Form. Halsted Press (1984)

Lindenmayer, A.: Mathematical models for cellular interactions in development: Parts I and II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 18, 280–315 (1968)

Ferraro, P., et al.: Toward a quantification of self-similarity in plants. Fractals 13(2) (2005)

Wolfram, S.: Cellular Automata and Complexity: Collected Papers. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1994)

Deutsch, A., Dormann, S.: Cellular Automaton Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation. In: Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology, Birkhäuser (2005)

McCormack, J.: Aesthetic evolution of L-systems revisited. In: Raidl, G.R., et al. (eds.) EvoWorkshops 2004. LNCS, vol. 3005, pp. 477–488. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

Dawkins, R.: The Blind Watchmaker. Penguin Books (1986)

Kumar, S., Bentley, P.J. (eds.): On Growth, Form and Computers. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2003)

Taylor, W.R.: The classification of amino acid conservation. J. Theor. Biology 119 (1986)

Shamim, M.T.A., et al.: Support vector machine-based classification of protein folds. Bioinformatics 23(24), 3320–3327 (2007)

Cai, W., Pei, J., Grishin, N.V.: Reconstruction of ancestral protein sequences and its applications. BMC Evolutionary Biology 4(33) (2004)

Finn, R.F., et al.: Pfam: clans, web tools & services. Nucleic Acids Res. 34, D247–51 (2006)

Wu, C.H., et al.: The universal protein resource. Nucleic Acids Res. 34, D187–91 (2006)

== Links ==
=== Full Text ===
[extern file]

[[intern file]]

=== Sonstige Links ===
[ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/authors/W.B.Langdon/biblio/gecco2007/docs/p429.pdf Using DNA to generate 3D organic art forms Overview]

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	== Bibtex ==		== Bibtex ==
		+	@incollection{
		+	year={2008},
		+	isbn={978-3-540-78760-0},
		+	booktitle={Applications of Evolutionary Computing},
		+	volume={4974},
		+	series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
		+	editor={Giacobini, Mario and Brabazon, Anthony and Cagnoni, Stefano and Di Caro, GianniA. and Drechsler, Rolf and Ekárt, Anikó and Esparcia-Alcázar, AnnaIsabel and Farooq, Muddassar and Fink, Andreas and McCormack, Jon and O’Neill, Michael and Romero, Juan and Rothlauf, Franz and Squillero, Giovanni and Uyar, A.Şima and Yang, Shengxiang},
		+	doi={10.1007/978-3-540-78761-7_46},
		+	title={Using DNA to Generate 3D Organic Art Forms},
		+	url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78761-7_46 http://de.evo-art.org/index.php?title=Using_DNA_to_generate_3D_organic_art_forms },
		+	publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
		+	author={Latham, William and Shaw, Miki and Todd, Stephen and Leymarie, FredericFol and Jefferys, Benjamin and Kelley, Lawrence},
		+	pages={433-442},
		+	language={English}
		+	}

	== Used References ==		== Used References ==

Using DNA to generate 3D organic art forms - Versionsgeschichte

Gubachelier am 1. November 2015 um 10:54 Uhr

Gbachelier: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „ == Reference == Latham, William; Shaw, Miki; Todd, Stephen; Frederic Fol Leymarie | Leymarie, Fre…“