Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break". Did you mean to use "continue 2"? in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/json/FormatJson.php on line 297

Deprecated: Optional parameter $prefix declared before required parameter $code is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/languages/Language.php on line 4267

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 174

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 192

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 185

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 202

Deprecated: Return type of ResultWrapper::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/DatabaseUtility.php on line 163

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::open($save_path, $session_name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 172

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 187

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::read($id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 201

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::write($id, $dataStr) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 229

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::destroy($id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 335

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 355

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 611

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 616

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 626

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 621

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 636

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 631

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 645

Deprecated: Return type of & MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 657

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 666

Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/session/Session.php on line 670

Warning: Private methods cannot be final as they are never overridden by other classes in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/actions/Action.php on line 67

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break". Did you mean to use "continue 2"? in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/languages/LanguageConverter.php on line 757

Deprecated: Message implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/Message.php on line 159

Deprecated: RawMessage implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/Message.php on line 1250

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Optional parameter $label declared before required parameter $alt is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/Linker.php on line 726

Deprecated: Optional parameter $label declared before required parameter $alt is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/DummyLinker.php on line 144

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42

Deprecated: header(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($response_code) of type int is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/WebResponse.php on line 42

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/skins/SkinTemplate.php on line 354

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Optional parameter $attribs declared before required parameter $contents is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/Xml.php on line 131

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /mnt/web618/b0/56/5203556/htdocs/mediawiki_01/includes/db/Database.php on line 1745

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== Referenz == 
Philip Collett and Catherina Steyn: [[Using African Designs in Virtual Manipulatives for Geometrical Concept Development]]. In: [[Bridges 2017]], Pages 455–458. 

== DOI ==

== Abstract ==
Promoting interest and engagement in Mathematics among learners in early High School grades is challenging in the South African educational scenario which is typified by traditional pedagogies, desolate classrooms, a lack of interesting resources and something of a rote learning culture. To enhance the attractiveness and the cultural congruence of learning materials for early High School grades we have used GeoGebra to design a set of virtual manipulatives, which incorporate Southern African indigenous art designs, for promoting concept formation in the area of Geometry. We explain the underlying pedagogy of the development and show examples of manipulatives in the design stage. Plans for incorporating the material into programs and researching the learning outcomes are also presented. 

== Extended Abstract ==

== Bibtex == 
 @inproceedings{bridges2017:455,
  author      = {Philip Collett and Catherina Steyn},
  title       = {Using African Designs in Virtual Manipulatives for Geometrical Concept Development},
  pages       = {455--458},
  booktitle   = {Proceedings of Bridges 2017: Mathematics, Art, Music, Architecture, Education, Culture},
  year        = {2017},
  editor      = {David Swart, Carlo H. S\'equin, and Krist\'of Fenyvesi},
  isbn        = {978-1-938664-22-9},
  issn        = {1099-6702},
  publisher   = {Tessellations Publishing},
  address     = {Phoenix, Arizona},
  note        = {Available online at \url{http://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2017/bridges2017-455.pdf}}
 }

== Used References == 
[1] N. Spaull, “South Africa’s Education Crisis : The quality of education in South Africa 1994-2011,” Johannesburg, 2013.

[2] I. V. S. Mullis, M. O. Martin, P. Foy, and A. Arora, Results in Mathematics, 1st ed. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS &amp; PIRLS International Study Center, 2012.

[3] Department of Basic Education, “Report on the Annual National Assessment of 2014 gr 1 to 6 &amp; 9,” Pretoria, 2014.

[4] Department of Basic Education, “2015 National Senior Certificate Examination Diagnostic Report,” Pretoria, 2015.

[5] W. A. Olivier, “Maths Unit Boosts Pupils’ X Factor An Offline Tutoring Programme is Giving Talented but Sidelined Pupils a Fighting Chance,” Mail &amp; Guardian, p. 4, 2015.

[6] D. Buckingham, Beyond Technology: Children’s Learning in the Age of Digital Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007.

[7] W. Daher, “Building Mathematical Knowledge in an Authentic Mobile Phone Environment,” Australas. J. Educ. Technol., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 85–104, 2010.

[8] M. Sherman, “The Role of Technology in Supporting Students’ Mathematical Thinking : Extending the Metaphors of Amplifier and Reorganizer,” Contemp. Issues Technol. Teach. Educ., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 220–246, 2014.

[9] P. Gerdes, “On Mathematics in the History of Sub-Saharan Africa,” Hist. Math., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 345–376, 1994.

[10] M. Mosimege, “Indigenous Mathematical Knowledge at South African Cultural Villages : Opportunities for Integration in Mathematics Classrooms,” in Proceedings of the 14 th Annual National Congress of AMESA, 2008, pp. 457–462.

[11] A. Gray and R. Sarhangi, “Study and Application of African Designs for Use in Secondary Education,” in Proceedings of the Bridges 2001 Conference, 2001, pp. 299–306.

[12] L. Rosenblum and M. Macedonia, “Ndebele painting in VR,” IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 10–13, 2001.

[13] D. H. Clements, “‘Concrete’ Manipulatives, Concrete Ideas,” Contemp. Issues Early Child., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 45–60, 1999.


== Links == 

=== Full Text === 
http://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2017/bridges2017-455.pdf

[[internal file]] 


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