A Creative Analogy Machine: Results and Challenges
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Reference
Diarmuid O’Donoghue and Mark T. Keane: A Creative Analogy Machine: Results and Challenges. In: Computational Creativity 2012 ICCC 2012.
DOI
Abstract
Are we any closer to creating an autonomous model of analogical reasoning that can generate new and creative analogical comparisons? A three-phase model of ana- logical reasoning is presented that encompasses the phases of retrieval, mapping and inference validation. The model of the retrieval phase maximizes its creativ- ity by focusing on domain topology, combating the se- mantic locality suffered by other models. The mapping model builds on a standard model of the mapping phase, again making use of domain topology. A novel validation model helps ensure the quality of the infer- ences that are accepted by the model. We evaluated the ability of our tri-phase model to re-discover several h- creative analogies (Boden, 1992) from a background memory containing many potential source domains. The model successfully re-discovered all creative com- parisons, even when given problem descriptions that more accurately reflect the original problem – rather than the standard (post hoc) representation of the anal- ogy. Finally, some remaining challenges for a truly autonomous creative analogy machine are assessed.
Extended Abstract
Bibtex
Used References
Boden, M. 1992. The Creative Mind. London: Abacus.
Bohan, A. O’Donoghue, D.P. 2000. A Model for Geomet- ric Analogies using Attribute Matching, Proc AICS, Gal- way, Ireland, pp 110-119.
Brown, T.L. 2003. Making Truth: Metaphor in Science. University of Illinois Press, New York, USA.
Clement, J. 2008. Creative Model Construction in Scien- tists and Students: The Role of Imagery, Analogy, and Mental Simulation. Dordrecht: Springer.
Davies, J. Goel, A.K. Yaner P.W. 2008. Pro- teus:Visuospatial analogy in problem-solving, Knowledge- Based Systems 21(7): 636-654.
Dunbar, K. and Blanchette, I. 2001. The in vivo/in vitro approach to cognition: The case of analogy, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5(8): 334–339.
Falkenhainer, B. 1990 A Unified Approach to Explanation and Theory Formation, in Shrager, J. & Langley, P. (eds.) Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and Theory Formation, Morgan Kaufman: CA. pp 157-196.
Forbus, K. Gentner, D. Law K. 1995. MAC/FAC: A Model of Similarity-based Retrieval, Cognitive Science, 19(2): 141-205.
Forbus, K. Usher, J. Lovett, A Lockwood, K. Wetzel J. 2011. CogSketch: Sketch Understanding for Cognitive Science Research and for Education, Topics in Cognitive Science, 3(4): 648–666.
Gentner, D. Kurtz, J. 2006. Relations, Objects, and the Composition of Analogies, Cognitive Science, 30(4): 609– 642.
Gentner, D. 1983. Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy, Cognitive Science, 7(2): 155–170.
Gomes P, Seco N, Pereira FC, Paiva P, Carreiro P, Ferreira JL, Bento C. 2006. The importance of retrieval in creative design analogies, Knowledge-Based Systems, 19(7): 480– 488.
Holyoak K. J. Novick L. Melz E. 1994. Component Proc- esses in Analogical Transfer: Mapping, Pattern Comple- tion and Adaptation, in Analogy, Metaphor and Remind- ing, Eds. Barnden and Holyoak, Ablex, Norwood, NJ.
Keane, M.T. 1985. On Drawing Analogies When Solving Problem, British Journal of Psychology, 76: 449-458.
Keane, M.T., Bradshaw, M. 1988. The Incremental Ana- logical machine: In D. Sleeman (Ed.) 3rd European Work- ing Session on Machine Learning, Kaufmann CA: 53–62.
Keane, M.T., Ledgeway, T. Duff, S. (1994). Constraints on analogical mapping, Cognitive Science, 18: 387-438.
O'Donoghue, D.P. 2007. Statistical Evaluation of Process- Centric Computational Creativity: 4th International Joint Workshop on Computational Creativity (IJWCC), Gold- smiths, University of London, 17-19 June.
O'Donoghue, D.P, Bohan, A. Keane M.T, 2006. Seeing Things: Inventive Reasoning with Geometric Analogies and Topographic Maps, New Generation Computing, Ohmsha Ltd. and Springer 24(3): 267-288.
O'Donoghue, D.P. Crean, B. 2002. Searching for Seren- dipitous Analogies, ECAI - Workshop on Creative Systems, Lyon, France, 21-26 July.
Pazzani, M. 1991. A Computational Theory of Learning Causal Relationships, Cognitive Science, 15(3): 401-424.
Plate T. 1998. Structured Operations with Distributed Vec- tor Representations, in Advances in Analogy Research, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Ritchie G. 2007. Some Empirical Criteria for Attributing Creativity to a Computer Program, Minds & Machines, 17: 67–99.
Ritchie G. 2001. Assessing Creativity, Proc. AISB Sympo- sium on AI and Creativity, York, March.
Thagard, P. Holyoak K. J. Nelson, G. Gochfeld, D. 1990. Analogue Retrieval by Constraint Satisfaction, Artificial Intelligence, 46: 259-10.
Veale, T. 1995. Metaphor, Memory and Meaning, PhD Thesis, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Wolverton M. Hayes-Roth, B. 1994. Retrieving Semanti- cally Distant Analogies with Knowledge-Directed Spread- ing Activation, Proceedings AAAI, pp 56-61.
Yaner, P.W. Goel A.K. 2006 Visual analogy: Viewing analogical retrieval and mapping as constraint satisfaction problems, Applied Intelligence, 25(1): 91-105.
Links
Full Text
http://computationalcreativity.net/iccc2012/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/017-ODonoghue.pdf
