Inverse Toon Shading: Interactive Normal Field Modeling with Isophotes
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Reference
Qiuying Xu, Yotam Gingold, and Karan Singh: Inverse Toon Shading: Interactive Normal Field Modeling with Isophotes. In: Computational Aesthetics 2015 SBIM'15, 15-25.
DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/exp.20151175
Abstract
We introduce an interactive modeling tool for designing a smooth 3D normal field from the isophotes of a discretely shaded 2D image. Block or cartoon shading is a visual style in which artists depict a smoothly shaded 3D object using a small number of discrete brightness values, manifested as regions or bands of constant color. In our approach, artists trace isophotes, or curves of constant brightness, along the boundaries between constant color bands. Our algorithm first estimates light directions and computes 3D normals along the object silhouette and at intersections between isophotes from different light sources. We then propagate these 3D normals smoothly along isophotes, and subsequently throughout the interior of the shape. We describe our user interface for editing isophotes and correcting unintended normals produced by our algorithm. We validate our approach with a perceptual experiment and comparisons to ground truth data. Finally, we present a set of 3D renderings created using our interface.
Extended Abstract
Bibtex
@inproceedings{Xu:2015:ITS:2810210.2810212,
author = {Xu, Q. and Gingold, Y. and Singh, K.},
title = {Inverse Toon Shading: Interactive Normal Field Modeling with Isophotes},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling},
series = {SBIM '15},
year = {2015},
location = {Istanbul, Turkey},
pages = {15--25},
numpages = {11},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2810210.2810212 http://de.evo-art.org/index.php?title=Inverse_Toon_Shading:_Interactive_Normal_Field_Modeling_with_Isophotes },
acmid = {2810212},
publisher = {Eurographics Association},
address = {Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland},
}
Used References
1 Daniel Cremers, Fast and globally optimal single view reconstruction of curved objects, Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), p.534-541, June 16-21, 2012 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2354928&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661
2 {DB04} Deslandes A., Bonner D. L.: Reflection line control, Apr. 2004. US Patent 6,717,579. 3
3 Jean-Denis Durou , Maurizio Falcone , Manuela Sagona, Numerical methods for shape-from-shading: A new survey with benchmarks, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, v.109 n.1, p.22-43, January, 2008 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1326482&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2007.09.003
4 {Edw99} Edwards B.: The New Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain. Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 1999. 2, 3, 9
5 {EKJ07} Ecker A., Kutulakos K., Jepson A.: Shape from planar curves: A linear escape from flatland. In IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (june 2007). 3
6 {ES08} Eissen K., Steur R.: Sketching: Drawing Techniques for Product Designers. Bis Publishers, 2008. 2
7 Mark Finch , John Snyder , Hugues Hoppe, Freeform vector graphics with controlled thin-plate splines, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.30 n.6, December 2011 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2024200&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024200
8 Bruce Gooch , Amy Gooch, Non-Photorealistic Rendering, A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, 2001 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=558817&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661
9 Yotam Gingold , Takeo Igarashi , Denis Zorin, Structured annotations for 2D-to-3D modeling, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.28 n.5, December 2009 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1618494&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1618452.1618494
10 {GM97} Guptill A. L., Meyer S. E.: Rendering in Pen and Ink: The Classic Book on Pen-And-Ink Techniques for Artists, Illustrators, Architects, and Designers. Watson-Guptill, 1997. 2
11 Todd Goodwin , Ian Vollick , Aaron Hertzmann, Isophote distance: a shading approach to artistic stroke thickness, Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, August 04-05, 2007, San Diego, California http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1274880&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1274871.1274880
12 Yotam Gingold , Denis Zorin, Shading-based surface editing, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.27 n.3, August 2008 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1360694&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1360612.1360694
13 {HF98} Halíř R., Flusser J.: Numerically stable direct least squares fitting of ellipses. In 6th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics and Visualization (WSCG) (1998), vol. 98, pp. 125--132. 6
14 {IMT99} Igarashi T., Matsuoka S., Tanaka H.: Teddy: a sketching interface for 3d freeform design. SIGGRAPH (1999). 3
15 Pushkar Joshi , Nathan A. Carr, Repoussé: automatic inflation of 2D artwork, Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, June 11-13, 2008, Annecy, France http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2386311&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/SBM/SBM08/049-055
16 Scott F. Johnston, Lumo: illumination for cel animation, Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, June 03-05, 2002, Annecy, France http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=508538&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/>10.1145/508530.508538
17 Matthew Kaplan , Elaine Cohen, Producing models from drawings of curved surfaces, Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, September 03-04, 2006, Vienna, Austria http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2386283&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/SBM/SBM06/051-058
18 {KDK92} Koenderink J. J., Doorn A. J. V., Kappers A. M. L.: Surface perception in pictures. Perception & Psychophysics (1992), 487--496. 4, 7
19 Joachim Loos , Gunther Greiner , Hans-Peter Seidel, Modeling of Surfaces with Fair Reflection Line Pattern, Proceedings of the International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications, p.256, March 01-04, 1999 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=830285&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661
20 Alexandrina Orzan , Adrien Bousseau , Holger Winnemöller , Pascal Barla , Joëlle Thollot , David Salesin, Diffusion curves: a vector representation for smooth-shaded images, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.27 n.3, August 2008 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1360691&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1360612.1360691
21 {OZM* 06} Okabe M., Zeng G., Matsushita Y., Igarashi T., Quan L., Yeung Shum H.: Single-view relighting with normal map painting. In Proc. Pacific Graphics (2006), pp. 27--34. 3
22 Thomas Poeschl, Detecting surface irregularities using isophotes, Computer Aided Geometric Design, v.1 n.2, p.163-168, November, 1984 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2246216&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8396(84)90028-1
23 {Pow94} Powell D.: Presentation techniques: a guide to drawing and presenting design ideas. Little, Brown, 1994. 2
24 Cloud Shao , Adrien Bousseau , Alla Sheffer , Karan Singh, CrossShade: shading concept sketches using cross-section curves, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.31 n.4, p.1-11, July 2012 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2185541&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185541
25 {SDC09} Sýkora D., Dingliana J., Collins S.: LazyBrush: Flexible painting tool for hand-drawn cartoons. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. EUROGRAPHICS) 28, 2 (2009). 2
26 Daniel Sýkora , Ladislav Kavan , Martin Čadík , Ondřej Jamriška , Alec Jacobson , Brian Whited , Maryann Simmons , Olga Sorkine-Hornung, Ink-and-ray: Bas-relief meshes for adding global illumination effects to hand-drawn characters, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.33 n.2, p.1-15, March 2014 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2591011&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591011
27 E. Tosun , Y. I. Gingold , J. Reisman , D. Zorin, Shape optimization using reflection lines, Proceedings of the fifth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing, July 04-06, 2007, Barcelona, Spain http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1282018&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661
28 Holger Theisel, Are isophotes and reflection lines the same?, Computer Aided Geometric Design, v.18 n.7, p.711-722, September, 2001 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=508380&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8396(01)00063-2
29 {TZ09} Tan P., Zickler T.: A projective framework for radiometric image analysis. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2009), CVPR, IEEE, pp. 2977--2984. 3
30 H. Winnemöller , A. Orzan , L. Boissieux , J. Thollot, Texture design and draping in 2D images, Proceedings of the Twentieth Eurographics conference on Rendering, June 29-July 01, 2009, Girona, Spain http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2383593&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01486.x
31 {Woo80} Woodham R. J.: Photometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images. Optical Engineering 19, 1 (1980), 191139--191139. 3
32 Tai-Pang Wu , Chi-Keung Tang , Michael S. Brown , Heung-Yeung Shum, ShapePalettes: interactive normal transfer via sketching, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.26 n.3, July 2007 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1276432&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1276377.1276432
33 Baoxuan Xu , William Chang , Alla Sheffer , Adrien Bousseau , James McCrae , Karan Singh, True2Form: 3D curve networks from 2D sketches via selective regularization, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), v.33 n.4, July 2014 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2601128&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2601097.2601128
34 {ZDPSS02} Zhang L., Dugas-Phocion G., Samson J.-S., Seitz S. M.: Single view modeling of free-form scenes. In IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2002), pp. 990--997. 3
Links
Full Text
http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/~karan/papers/inverse_toon_shading_SBIM2015.pdf
Sonstige Links
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2810210.2810212&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=724111209&CFTOKEN=48939661
