Evolving Human Faces
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Referenz
Frowd, Charlie; Hancock, Peter: Evolving Human Faces. In: Romero, Juan; Machado, Penousal: The Art of Artificial Evolution. Springer, Berlin, 2007, S. 189-210.
DOI
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-540-72877-1_9
Abstract
Witnesses and victims of serious crime are normally requested to construct a picture of the criminal’s face. These pictures are known as facial composites and are typically produced by a witness recalling details of the face and then selecting individual facial features: hair, eyes, nose, mouth, etc. While composites remain an important tool for the apprehension of criminals, research has suggested that, even under favorable conditions, they are rarely recognized. In the current chapter, we present a new method called EvoFIT whereby users select complete faces and a composite is “evolved” using a Genetic Algorithm. While considerable development was required to tune the new approach, research indicates that EvoFIT now produces more identifiable composites than those produced from the traditional “feature” systems. Novel applications of the technology are also discussed.
Extended Abstract
Bibtex
@incollection{
year={2008},
isbn={978-3-540-72876-4},
booktitle={The Art of Artificial Evolution},
series={Natural Computing Series},
editor={Romero, Juan and Machado, Penousal},
doi={10.1007/978-3-540-72877-1_9},
title={Evolving Human Faces},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72877-1_9 http://de.evo-art.org/index.php?title=Evolving_Human_Faces },
publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
author={Frowd, CharlieD. and Hancock, PeterJ.B.},
pages={189-210},
language={English}
}
Used References
Davies, G.M., van der Willik, P., Morrison, L.J. (2000). Facial composite production: A comparison of mechanical and computer-driven systems. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1): 19–124
Bruce, V., Ness, H., Hancock, P.J.B., Newman, C., Rarity, J. (2002). Four heads are better than one. combining face composites yields improvements in face likeness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 894–902
Brace, N., Pike, G., Kemp, R. (2000). Investigating e-fit using famous faces. In: Forensic Psychology and Law Krakow. Institute of Forensic Research Publishers, 272–276
Frowd, C.D., Carson, D., Ness, H., Richardson, J., Morrison, L., McLanaghan, S., Hancock, P.J.B. (2005). A forensically valid comparison of facial composite systems. Psychology, Crime and Law, 11: 33–52
Ellis, H.D., Shepherd, J., Davies, G.M. (1975). Use of photo-fit for recalling faces. British Journal of Psychology, 66: 29–37
Davies, G.M. (1983). Forensic face recall: the role of visual and verbal information. In Lloyd-Bostock, S.M.A., Clifford, B.R., eds.: Evaluating witness evidence. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 103–123
Davies, G.M., Ellis, H.D., Shepherd, J. (1978). Face identification: The influence of delay upon accuracy of photofit construction. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 6(1): 35–42
Tanaka, J.W., Farah, M.J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 46(A): 225–245
Frowd, C.D., Bruce, V., Ness, H., Bowie, L., Paterson, J., Thomson-Bogner, C., McIntyre, A., Hancock, P.J.B. (2007). Parallel approaches to composite production. Ergonomics, 50(4): 562–585
Frowd, D., Carson, D., Ness, H., Mcquiston-Surrett, D., Richardson, J., Baldwin, H., Hancock, P. (2005). Contemporary composite techniques: The impact of a forensically-relevant target delay. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 10(1): 63–81
Frowd, C.D., McQuiston-Surrett, D., Anandaciva, S., Ireland, C., Hancock, P.J.B. (2007). An evaluation of US systems for facial composite production. Ergonomics
Koehn, C.E., Fisher, R.P. (1997). Constructing facial composites with the mac-a-mug pro system. Psychology, Crime and Law, 3: 215–224
Ellis, H.D., Shepherd, J.W., Davies, G.M. (1980). The deterioration of verbal descriptions of faces over different delay intervals. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 8: 101–106
Shepherd, J.W. (1983). Identification after long delays. In: Evaluating Witness Evidence. Wiley, 173–187
Eysenck, M.W., Keane, M.T. (2005). Cognitive Psychology: A Student’s Handbook. 5th edn. Psychology Press, UK
Frowd, C.D. (2002). EvoFIT: A holistic, evolutionary facial imaging system. http://www.psychology.stir.ac.uk/staff/cfrowd/Thesis.txt 404
Frowd, C.D., Hancock, P.J.B. (2006). Facial composites: image modality and multiple attempts. In: IEEE Crime and Security. London
Frowd, C.D., Hancock, P.J.B., Carson, D. (2004). EvoFIT: A holistic, evolutionary facial imaging technique for creating composites. ACM Transactions on Applied Psychology (TAP), 1: 1–21
Gibson, S.J., Solomon, C.J., Pallares-Bejarano, A. (2003). Synthesis of photographic quality facial composites using evolutionary algorithms. In Harvey, R., Bangham, J.A., eds.: British Machine Vision Conference, 221–230
Tredoux, C., Rosenthal, Y. (1999). Face reconstruction using a configural, eigenface-based composite system. In: SARMAC III. Boulder, Colorado
Schmidt, H. (2006). Personal communication
Dawkins, R. (1996). The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design. W. W. Norton
Crichton, M. (2002). Prey. Harper-Collins. London
Caldwell, C., Johnston, V.S. (1991). Tracking a criminal suspect through “face-space” with a genetic algorithm. In: Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, 416–421
Sirovich, L., Kirby, M. (1987). Low-dimensional procedure for the characterization of human faces. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 4: 519–524
Hancock, P.J.B., Bruce, V., Burton, A.M. (1997). Testing principal component representations for faces. In Bullinaria, J.A., Glasspool, D.W., Houghton, G., eds.: 4th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. Springer. London, 84–97
Cootes, T.F., Walker, K.N., Taylor, C.J. (2000). View-based active appearance models. In: FG ’00: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Washington, DC, USA. IEEE Computer Society, 227–232
Brunelli, R., Mich, O. (1996). SpotIt! an interactive identikit system. Graphical models and image processing: GMIP, 58(5): 399–404
Frowd, C.D., Bruce, V., McIntyre, A., Hancock, P.J.B. (2006). Lost in space. Unpublished
Pike, G., Brace, N., Turner, J., Kynan, S. (2005). Making faces with computers: Witness cognition and technology. Pragmatics and Cognition, 13: 459–479
Hancock, P.J.B. (2000). Evolving faces from principal components. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 32: 327–333
Mitchell, M. (1996). An introduction to genetic algorithms. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA, USA
Frowd, C.D., Bruce, V., Storås, K., Spick, P., Hancock, P.J.B. (2006). An evaluation of morphed composites constructed in a criminal investigation. In: 16th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law
Olsson, N., Juslin, P. (1999). Can self-reported encoding strategy and recognition skill be diagnostic of performance in eyewitness identification? Journal of Applied Psychology, 84: 42–49
Shapiro, P.N., Penrod, S.D. (1986). Meta-analysis of facial identification rates. Psychological Bulletin, 100: 139–156
Shepherd, J.W., Ellis, H.D., McMurran, M., Davies, G.M. (1978). Effect of character attribution on photofit construction of a face. European Journal of Social Psychology, 8: 263–268
Ellis, H.D. (1975). Recognizing faces. British Journal of Psychology, 66: 404–426
Johnston, V.S., Franklin, M. (1993). Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Ethology and Sociobiology, 14: 183–199
Johnston, V.S., Hagel, R., Franklin, M., Fink, B., Grammer, K. (2001). Male facial attractiveness: evidence for hormone-mediated adaptive design. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22(4): 251–267
Howdle, J. (2005). A cross cultural comparison of the attractiveness preferences of African and British males
Frowd, C.D., Bruce, V., Hancock, P.J.B. (2006). Predict your child: a system to suggest the facial appearance of children. Unpublished
Bressan, P., Grassi, M. (2006). Parental resemblance in one-year-olds and the gaussian curve. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25: 133–141
Frowd, C.D., Bruce, V., Hancock, P.J.B. (2006). A comparison of police and future EvoFIT face models. unpublished
Links
Full Text
http://www.evofit.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Frowd-and-Hancock-2007.-Evolving-human-faces.pdf
