Exploring Three-dimensional design worlds using Lindenmeyer Systems and Genetic Programming
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Reference
T. Broughton and Paul S. Coates and Helen Jackson: Exploring Three-dimensional design worlds using Lindenmeyer Systems and Genetic Programming. In: Evolutionary Design by Computers, pp. 323-341, Academic press, 1999.
DOI
Abstract
The raw Lindenmeyer-system (L-system) generates random branching structures in the isospatial grid. Using a three dimensional L-system, early experiments (reported CAAD Futures 97, \cite{coates:1997:GPx3dw} ) showed that globally defined useful form (the flytrap) can evolve quite quickly using one fitness function This paper will describe further experiments undertaken using an improved L-system and multigoal evolution to evolve space/enclosure systems that satisfy both the requirements of space use and those of enclosure. This is implemented as symbiotic coevolution between: 1) L-system branching tree system whose goal is to surround the largest volume of empty space (defined as space which is 'invisible' to an outside observer). 2) Circulation system using walking three dimensional turtles to measure the spatial property of the enclosed space. The resulting enclosure phenotypes can be realised using the occupied isospatial grid points as nodes of a nurbs surface.
The chapter covers:
1.0 Introduction to Genetic Programming, L-Systems and the Isospatial Grid
2.0 Three dimensional L-systems, production rules and s-expressions
3.0 Evolutionary Experiments in Simple Environments
4.0 Symbiotic Coevolution",
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