Girl's Surface

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Reference

Sue Goodman, Alex Mellnik and Carlo H. Séquin: Girl's Surface. In: Bridges 2013. Pages 383–388

DOI

Abstract

Boy’s surface is the simplest and most symmetrical way of making a compact model of the projective plane in R3 without any singular points. This surface has 3-fold rotational symmetry and a single triple point from which three loops of intersection lines emerge. It turns out that there is a second, homeomorphically different way to model the projective plane with the same set of intersection lines, though it is less symmetrical. There seems to be only one such other structure beside Boy’s surface, and it thus has been named Girl’s surface. This alternative, finite, smooth model of the projective plane seems to be virtually unknown, and the purpose of this paper is to introduce it and make it understandable to a much wider audience. To do so, we will focus on the construction of the most symmetrical Möbius band with a circular boundary and with an internal surface patch with the intersection line structure specified above. This geometry defines a Girl’s cap with C2 front-to-back symmetry.

Extended Abstract

Bibtex

Used References

[1] F. Apéry, Models of the Real Projective Plane. (Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1987).

[2] T. F. Banchoff, Triple points and surgery of immersed surfaces. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. (1974), pp 407-413.

[3] W. Boy, Über die Curvatura integra und die Topologie geschlossener Flächen. Math. Ann. 57 (1903), pp 151-184.

[4] S. Goodman and M. Kossowski, Immersions of the projective plane with one triple point. Differential Geom. Appl. 27 (2009).

[5] G. Howard and S. Goodman, Generic maps of the projective plane with a single triple point. Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, 152 (2012), pp 455-472.

[6] S. Izumiya and W. L. Marar, The Euler characteristic of a generic wavefront in a 3-manifold. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. (1993), 1347–1350.

[7] A. Mellnik, Two immersions of the projective plane. – http://surfaces.gotfork.net/

[8] U. Pinkall, Regular Homotopy classes of immersed surfaces. Topology 24 (1985), pp 421-434.

[9] H. Samelson, Orientability of hypersurfaces in Rn. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. (1969), pp 301–302.

[10] C. H. Séquin, Cross-Caps - Boy Caps - Boy Cups. Bridges Conf., July 26-31, 2013.


Links

Full Text

http://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2013/bridges2013-383.pdf

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http://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2013/bridges2013-383.html