The Planar Space Groups of Mamluk Patterns

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Reference

B. Lynn Bodner: The Planar Space Groups of Mamluk Patterns. In: Bridges 2014. Pages 35–42

DOI

Abstract

In the region extending from Arabia to Southern Anatolia, elaborate geometric tilings and patterns still cover the walls, floors and ceilings of extant monuments from the Mamluk period (1250 – 1517). These planar Islamic patterns may be classified as belonging to the various two-dimensional space groups based on the distance-preserving transformations or isometries of the plane (translations, rotations, reflections and glide-reflections) that they possess. Classifying the ornamental patterns of these Mamluk monuments allows us to determine which symmetries were preferred and intuitively recognized as being “right” by the Mamluk culture. This paper will discuss and illustrate examples of the different wallpaper groups represented in the Mamluk art found in present day Egypt and Syria.

Extended Abstract

Bibtex

Used References

[1] D. Ayalon. Studies on the Mamluks of Egypt (1250 – 1517). Variorum Reprints, 1977. Original from the University of Michigan. Digitized September 11, 2008.

[2] D. Behrens-Abouseif. Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of the Architecture and Its Culture. New York: I. B. Tauris, 2007.

[3] B. L. Bodner. “The Planar Crystallographic Groups Represented at the Alhambra,” Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, and Science Conference Proceedings, (2014).

[4] W. K. Chorbachi. In the Tower of Babel: Beyond Symmetry in Islamic Art. Computers & Mathematics with applications, Vol. 17b, pp. 751 – 189, (1989).

[5] the Islamic Art and Architecture Collection of the ARTstor Digital Library, available at http://www.library.artstor.org/library.

[6] B. Lewis, R. Ettinghausen, O. Grabar, & R. M Savory. The World of Islam: Faith, People, Culture. Thames and Hudson, 1992.

[7] The Mamluk Collection of the Archnet Digital Library, available at http://archnet.org/library.

[8] E. A. Müller, Gruppentheoretische und Strukturanalytische Untersuchungen der Maurischen Ornamente aus der Alhambra in Granada, University of Zürich, 1944.

[9] Pattern in Islamic Art: The Wade Photo Archive, available at http://www.patternsinislamicart.com.

[10] D. Schattschneider, The Plane Symmetry Groups: Their Recognition and Notation, Amer. Math. Monthly (85) 1978, 439 – 450.

[11] Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation Islamic Art Network Photo Archive, available at http://www.islamic-art.org/PhotoArchive/.

[12] D. K. Washburn and D.W. Crowe, Symmetries of Culture: Theory and Practice of Plane Pattern Analysis. University of Washington Press, 1988.

[13] http://www.discoverislamicart.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;pa;Mon01;13;en.


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